初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn) 初三英語總復(fù)習(xí)資料

　　3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.

　　Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and

　　此外，關(guān)于形容詞、副詞的內(nèi)容同學(xué)們還須掌握：

　　1.形容詞修飾名詞作定語，跟在連系動(dòng)詞之后作表語。

　　2.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其它副詞 enough屬例外詞：形/副+enough to do enough+名詞

　　例如;She is old enough to go to school. 她夠上學(xué)的年齡了。

　　3.區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞: 也 too用于肯定、疑問句 also 較為正式書面語 either 用于否定句 已經(jīng) already 常用于肯定句、疑問句 yet 常用于否定句、疑問句

　　不再 no (not any) longer 從時(shí)間上講 no (not any) more 從動(dòng)作上講

　　如此這樣 such 修飾名詞 eg: such a big box

　　so 修飾形容詞、副詞 eg: so big 單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自 alone 作表語 =by oneself 孤獨(dú)的 lonely 可作表語、定語 eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy)

　　練習(xí)題

　　1.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill.

　　A.Others B. Other C. Another D.The other

　　2.There isn't _____ in today's newspaper.

　　A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important

　　3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?

　　-No,Mum. It's not ______. It's ______. A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.hers, mine

　　4..The Changjiang River is the third __ river in the world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest

　　5. An elephant is _____ than a horse.

　　A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong

　　6. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water? A.good B.Well C. Better D. Best

　　一、 介詞

　　1.與形容詞搭配的詞組有： be afraid of (怕) be angry with (生某人的氣)

　　be away from (不在某地) be different from (與…不同)

　　be good at (善于) be good/ bad for (對…有益/有害) be interested in (對…感興趣) be late for (遲到) be/get ready for (為作好準(zhǔn)備) be sure of (對…有把握)

　　be worried about (為…感到擔(dān)憂)

　　2.介詞后常用人稱代詞賓格和動(dòng)詞-ing形式

　　1)You must take good care of her. 2)Thank you for teaching us so well.

　　3.幾組易混淆的介詞

　　A. “在...之后” in + 一段時(shí)間(用于一般將來時(shí))

　　after + 一段時(shí)間(用于一般過去時(shí)) after + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間(常用于一般將來時(shí))

　　如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.

　　The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday.

　　B. for +一段時(shí)間 since +過去的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間

　　這兩者均用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，具體在時(shí)態(tài)部分，我會(huì)繼續(xù)向同學(xué)們講解。

　　C. be made of "用……制成" be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成”

　　D. in, on, at表時(shí)間 in “在某月(季節(jié)、年)等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer

　　固定詞組：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end

　　on "用于指具體的某一天或?qū)Ｖ改骋惶焐衔?、下午或晚上?quot;

　　eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16

　　at “用于具體時(shí)刻前和某些固定詞組中”

　　固定詞組：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表時(shí)間里，下列情況下一般不用介詞。詞組里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介詞 。 如:不能說 in tomorrow ,只能說 tomorrow 在明天

　　E. except +賓格/doing something "除…之外” (不包括本身)

　　Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) =Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.

　　F. “用” 通過交通工具 by plane

　　用語言 in English 通過媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV

　　用工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands

　　G. between “在~和~(兩者)之間”

　　between...and..., between the two... among 在...之間(三者或三者以上)

　　eg.Sue spent over two hours ___ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over

　　二、 連詞

　　1.并列連詞 both…and 既~又~謂語用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

　　neither…nor 既不~也不~含否定意義，(就近原則)謂語動(dòng)詞由靠近它的那個(gè)主語來決定單復(fù)數(shù)。 either…or… “或者 …或者…”“不是…就是…”

　　and“和” 連接兩個(gè)并列成分,連接謂語時(shí),兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致。

　　but “但是” 表轉(zhuǎn)折，不能與 though 同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中。

　　or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列舉常用 or，而不用 and。 Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否) I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.

　　2.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞

　　陳述句：that 可省略 一般疑問句：if /whether “是否” 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞

　　3.引導(dǎo)原因狀從的有：because (不能與so同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中)

　　4.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞：

　　A. when(當(dāng)…時(shí)候)，as soon as…(一…就)，not…until(直到…才)，after(在…之后)，引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句，主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來代替一般將來時(shí)。 Eg: I won't leave until he comes back.

　　B. since(自從…以來)引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句，主句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。 Eg：We haven't met each other since she left here last year.

　　C. while(當(dāng)…時(shí)候，一邊…一邊…)它引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

　　Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.

　　5.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞： if “如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀從，主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。請區(qū)別于if“是否”相當(dāng)于 whether，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)語境確定

　　eg:1)I don't know if it ____ (rain) tomorrow.

　　2)If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, I _____________ (not climb) the hills.

　　3)Joan and Mary haven't seen each other_____they left school five years ago.

　　A.as B.before C.after D.since

　　三、 構(gòu)詞法

　　構(gòu)詞有法記無定法

　　一、利用構(gòu)詞法記憶：

　　1.合成法：note+book→notebook，school+yard→schoolyard，book+mark→bookmark

　　2.派生法(即在詞根上加前、后綴記憶)：

　　en-(使……有)+courage→encourage;inter-(one with another;face to face)+view→interview;foreign+er(人)→foreigner，play+er(執(zhí)行動(dòng)作的人)→player，sharpen+er(執(zhí)行動(dòng)作的物)→sharpener;library+(y→i)an(人)→librarian;miss(v.)+ing→missing(adj.)，probable(adj.)+(l)y→probably(adv.)，sad(adj.)+ly→sadly(adv.);compose(v.)+(e→i)tion→composition(n.)，inform(v.)+(a)tion→information(n.)

　　3.轉(zhuǎn)化法： know(v.)→knowledge(n.)

　　二、意義關(guān)聯(lián)幫你記憶：

　　dictionary—words，umbrella—rain，library—book—shelf，kitchen—cook

　　三、英英解釋，溫故知新：

　　abroad—in or to another country，overseas;interview—meeting with sb.

　　說說記憶單詞的方法

　　詞是構(gòu)成句子的重要元素，詞匯量的多少在英語學(xué)習(xí)中占有重要地位。今天我們講講怎樣記憶單詞。

　　一、把單詞放入句子中，在一定的語言環(huán)境中記憶單詞。如果一旦忘記詞義，就回憶它所在的句子。很多成績較好的同學(xué)都有一個(gè)體會(huì)，抓住對句子的理解和背誦這樣一個(gè)關(guān)鍵，記憶單詞一般來說是毫不費(fèi)力的。

　　二、將單詞按歸類的方法進(jìn)行記憶。把同義詞歸成一類，如 learn--study，between--among;反義詞歸成一類，如 left--right，high--low，strong--weak;或根據(jù)含義和用途把同一類型的詞歸成一類，如交通工具類：car，bus，ship，plane，truck，…學(xué)科類：maths，science，art，geography，…頻度副詞類：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，…等等。這樣當(dāng)遇到其中一個(gè)詞時(shí)，頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞，這樣記憶單詞的效率就會(huì)大大提高。同時(shí)，還可以掌握詞與詞之間的區(qū)別和各自特殊的用法，將平時(shí)極易混淆的單詞清楚地區(qū)別開來。

　　三、利用構(gòu)詞法記憶單詞。比如 happy(幸福的)，加前綴“un”成為 unhappy(不幸福的)，改“y”為“i”加后綴“ness”則變成了名詞：happiness(幸福);“pea(豌豆)”與“nut(堅(jiān)果)”可合成為“peanut(花生)”;when(何時(shí))+ever(在任何時(shí)候)=whenever(無論什么時(shí)候)等等。

　　四、根據(jù)記憶與遺忘的規(guī)律來記憶單詞，即應(yīng)及時(shí)在第二天、第三天甚至以后再讀第一天記憶的單詞，定期作階級性的復(fù)習(xí)，同遺忘作斗爭。要記憶單詞就不能怕重復(fù)，重復(fù)也是記憶的一種好方法。

　　五、初中階段還有一個(gè)很實(shí)用的記憶單詞的好方法就是根據(jù)音標(biāo)即單詞讀音來記單詞。只要你首先根據(jù)音標(biāo)把一個(gè)單詞讀準(zhǔn)、讀對，那么就可根據(jù)其讀音基本拼寫出該單詞。首先這要掌握一定的拼讀規(guī)則。比如“dirty”，根據(jù)音標(biāo)我們就能拼寫出d-ir-t-y(在非重讀音節(jié)中發(fā)[i])。這種方法對于記憶字母較多的單詞尤其有效，如“contribution”，根據(jù)音標(biāo)我們可把它分成四部分來記憶：con-tri-bu-tion，這樣就能較快地記住單詞。

　　以系統(tǒng)的方式來學(xué)習(xí)記憶知識(shí)能起到事半功倍的效果。因此背單詞時(shí)我們一定要留心觀察，尋找詞與詞之間的關(guān)系，這樣將有助于我們記憶單詞?？傊?，只要我們掌握一些科學(xué)的方法，并用心去記憶，就一定能記住英語單詞。

　　合成形容詞

　　英語中有許多種形式的合成形容詞，僅在初中階段需要學(xué)習(xí)使用的就達(dá)九種?，F(xiàn)分述如下：

　　1.數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞。

　　如：20-minute 20分鐘的 It's 20-minute walk.步行20分鐘的路程。 second-class 二等的 That's the second-class room. 那是個(gè)二等房間。 500-word 五百字的

　　This is a 500-word composition. 這是一篇五百字的文章。

　　2.數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞+形容詞。

　　如：8-year-old 八歲的 Mr Green has an 8-year-old child. 格林先生有個(gè)八歲的孩子。

　　3.數(shù)詞+名詞的ed形式。如：three-legged 三條腿的 Tom bought a three-legged table yesterday. 昨天湯姆買了一張三條腿的桌子。

　　4.形容詞+名詞。如：

　　round-trip來回的;往返的 Do you need a round-trip ticket﹖ 你想要一張往返的車票嗎?

　　part-time 非全部工作時(shí)間的;兼職的He found a part-time job. 他找到了一份額外的工作。

　　5.形容詞+名詞的ed形式。

　　如：kind-hearted 好心的 Father Christmas is very kind-hearted. 圣誕老人的心腸非常好。

　　6.名詞+過去分詞。如：man-made人造的

　　China has sent up many man-made satellites. 中國已發(fā)射了許多人造衛(wèi)星。

　　7.名詞+名詞的ed形式。如：glass-topped帶有玻璃罩的

　　I want to own a glass-topped table. 我想要一張帶有玻璃罩的桌子。

　　8.副詞+過去分詞。如：so-called所謂的

　　I don't like those so-called singers. 我不喜歡那些所謂的歌星。

　　9.副詞+副詞。

　　如：so-so馬馬虎虎;不好不壞的 My English is just so-so. 我的英語很一般。.

　　Eg:To an American,a Chinese is a ______. (foreign) 前綴 例詞 派生詞

　　un-“不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly

　　im-“不” possible impossible 后綴 例詞 派生詞 -er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver(以e結(jié)尾，-r) run runner(重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫-er)

　　win winner travel traveller -or“人” invent inventor visit visitor

　　-ly(副詞后綴)

　　bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily

　　deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily

　　slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly

　　特例： true - truly terrible - terribly possible - possibly

　　-ful(形容詞后綴) care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful

　　-y (形容詞后綴)

　　rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy(以e結(jié)尾，去e，加-y)

　　snow snowy sun sunny (雙寫，加-y) wind windy

　　-ion(名詞后綴) invent invention operate operation

　　-ness(名詞后綴) busy business good goodness

　　一些特例：

　　動(dòng)詞 形容詞 動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

　　sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building

　　enjoy enjoyable begin beginning cross crossing

　　名詞 形容詞 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning

　　south southern shop shopping wool woolen

　　danger dangerous 動(dòng)詞 過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞 difference different fry

　　fried worry worried

　　動(dòng)詞 名詞 break broken know knowledge lose lost

　　fly flight please pleased please pleasure colour coloured

　　名詞 名詞 動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞

　　farm farmer 農(nóng)夫 follow following interest interested“感興趣的” 只作表語，僅用于be interested in develop interesting “有趣的” 可作表語和定語 developed “發(fā)達(dá)的” developing “發(fā)展中的”

　　練習(xí)題 1、Lucy can write a letter___Japanese though she has learned it only a few months.

　　A. from B. to C. in D. with

　　2、They will have an English test___two days. A. for B. at C. in D. after

　　3、Wu Dong was born___the evening of April 2,1975. A. at B. in C. on D. to

　　4、I haven 't heard _______ her _____ she left home.

　　A. from, since B. from, after C. of, when D. of , as

　　5、Tom didn't know___Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow.

　　A. how B. weather C. whether D. what

　　6、His parents were _________ (happy) because he had failed the exam again.

　　7、Mrs. Green liked to stay _____ (safe) at the same place.

　　8、The_______ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon.

　　思考題 1、The farmer was___tired___he couldn't fall asleep.

　　A. very…to B. too…to C. so…that D.neither…nor

　　2、Work hard, ___you won't catch up with the others. A. but B. and C. if D. or

　　3、The game is very ___ and she's ___ in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interested

　　C. interested, interesting D. interesting, interested

　　重要的短語、句型和慣用法(一)

　　1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下車 get up 起床 get ready for 為...作準(zhǔn)備

　　get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身體好 get in 進(jìn)入，收集

　　get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 為某人買某物

　　get on well with sb/sth. 與某人相處很好，...進(jìn)展順利

　　2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高興

　　have a cold wet day 天氣又冷又濕 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of)... 喝一杯...

　　have a talk 聽報(bào)告 have lunch 吃午飯 have...for lunch 午飯吃...

　　have a meeting 開會(huì)have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下

　　3. make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤 mistake A for B 把A錯(cuò)認(rèn)為B

　　take sth. by mistake 錯(cuò)拿某物

　　4. make friends with 與...交朋友

　　make faces 做鬼臉make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口

　　make a...sound 發(fā)...音 make tea 沏茶 make room for... 為...找出空間

　　make it 如期赴約 make a team 組成一個(gè)隊(duì)

　　eg.Let's make it half past one. 注意：時(shí)間前不用介詞at

　　5. turn sth. on/off 打開/關(guān)掉... turn sth. up/down 把...音量開大/小

　　注意：當(dāng)sth 是代詞時(shí)，常放中間

　　6. try sth. on 試穿(衣、鞋、帽) 注意：當(dāng) sth 為it或them, 常放中間try out 試驗(yàn)、嘗試

　　try one's best to do sth. 盡力干某事=do one's best to do sth.

　　7. send sb. away 開除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去請某人 send up 發(fā)射

　　8. hear from sb 收到...的來信 hear of 聽說

　　9. hurry off 匆匆離去，趕快去 hurry up 趕快

　　10. get to +名詞 get +副詞(不用to) reach+名詞/副詞 arrive in/at +大/小地點(diǎn) (后接副詞，不用at/in)

　　eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到達(dá)上海

　　eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家

　　11. teach sb. English 教某人英語 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自學(xué)

　　12.到...末為止 by the end of +過去時(shí)間 (用于過去完成時(shí))

　　by the end of +將來時(shí)間 (用于一般將來時(shí))

　　at the end of+地點(diǎn) 在...盡頭 in the end= at last 最后，終于

　　13. hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上萬的 millions of 成百萬的

　　14. be pleased to do sth 很高興地干某事 be pleased with sth. 為某事而高興

　　15. be used for 被用來 be used as 被當(dāng)作 be used by 被...所使用

　　16. so far 到目前為止， 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　17. on a Tuesday morning 一個(gè)星期二的早上

　　on the morning of June 15th.1998 在1998年6月15日早上

　　18. keep sb.doing sth. 讓某人一直干某事 keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事

　　keep on doing sth. 持續(xù)不斷地做某事

　　19. much too+形容詞/副詞原級 實(shí)在太...

　　too much+不可數(shù)名詞 相當(dāng)多的... eg. It's _______ expensive. I can't buy it.

　　There's ___________ rain this year.

　　20. thanks to...由于，多虧

　　thanks to one's help=because of one's help 由于某人的幫忙 thanks for one's help 謝謝某人的幫助

　　21. be far away from+a place/sb 遠(yuǎn)離某地

　　22. wear out 穿壞、穿舊、用盡 常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。其P.P為worn

　　sell out 售完 賣完

　　23. two-month holiday=two months' holiday 二個(gè)月的假期

　　24. fall asleep 入睡(進(jìn)入狀態(tài)) get to sleep 入睡(還沒睡著)

　　25. stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事 eg. She stopped the child from listening. stop doing sth. 停止干某事，不再干某事 stop to do sth. 停止下來干另一件事。

　　26. hardly any +n. 幾乎沒有...

　　27. quite a/an+形容詞+名詞 一個(gè)相當(dāng)...eg. Two months is quite a long time.

　　a very +形容詞+名詞eg. English is a very useful language.

　　28. be afraid of+名詞 害怕... be afraid to+動(dòng)詞 擔(dān)心、害怕... be afraid that+從句 恐怕...

　　29. so+形容詞 so strong so beautiful such+形容詞+名詞(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))

　　such beautiful pictures such nice smell such + a/an+形容詞+名詞(單數(shù))

　　such an interesting story

　　30. feel like doing 想干某事

　　31. be made/grown/produced

　　三個(gè)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)都可解釋為“生產(chǎn)”

　　歸類: 機(jī)器一類→make(制造)

　　鹽.糖.絲綢→produce (經(jīng)機(jī)器加工生產(chǎn)) 農(nóng)作物、水果→grow (人工種出來的)

　　32. finish doing sth. 做完某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事

　　go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)干某事 be always doing 老是干某事

　　33. hope to do sth. 希望干某事 ...hope that...希望某人干某事,不可用hope sb.to do sth.

　　34. in surprise 驚奇地(作狀語) be surprised at sb. 對某人的舉動(dòng)感到詫異

　　be surprised to do sth. 對做某事感到驚訝

　　35. no space(room) to stand in 沒有站的地方、空間

　　36. be angry with sb. 生某人的氣 agree with sb. 同意某人的觀點(diǎn) with one's help 在某人的幫助下

　　選擇題：

　　1.They arrived ___ London___ a cold winter night.

　　A.at, in B.in, on C.at, on D.in, at

　　2.It's rather cold today.You'd better ___ more clothes before you go out.

　　A.put on B.wear C.to put on D.to wear

　　3.You must be very tired. Why not ___ a rest?

　　A.stop taking B.stop to take C.to stop taking D.to stop to take

　　4.___, I've caught up with my classmates in my English studies.

　　A.Under his help B.With his help C.Under the help of him D.With the help of him

　　5.Mother told me ____ in the sun. A.not read B.don't read C.read not D.not to read

　　6.Watching TV ___ is bad for your eyes. A.much too B.many too C.too much D.too many

　　7.Those foreign visitors ___ our city the day before yesterday.

　　A.arrived B.reached C.reached to D.got in

　　8.She asked me to help her ___ her Chinese. A.at B.with C.for D.on

　　9.Look ___ the words in the dictionary when you don't know ___ they mean.

　　A.up, what B.up, that C.for, that D.for, what

　　10.One after another, three of them ___.

　　A.fell asleep B.got to asleep C.went to asleep D.were sleeping